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Space charge limited emission is a phenomenon that restricts the current of charged particles that can be released from a surface. As the electron current released by a cathode increases, so does the magnitude of the charge density in the immediate vicinity of the cathode. This ... Mehr lesen
Die Dielektrophorese (DEP) tritt auf, wenn eine Kraft auf ein dielektrisches Teilchen ausgeübt wird, während es einem ungleichmäßigen elektrischen Feld ausgesetzt ist. DEP hat viele Anwendungen im Bereich der biomedizinischen Geräte, die für Biosensoren, Diagnostik, Partikelmanipulation ... Mehr lesen
A quadrupole mass filter (QMF) is a key component of a modern mass spectrometer. A QMF uses direct current (DC) and alternating current (AC) electric fields to analyze positive or negative ions by mass to charge ratio. A QMF consists of 4 parallel rods spaced equidistantly, the ratio of ... Mehr lesen
When modeling the propagation of charged particle beams at high currents and relativistic speeds, the space charge and beam current create significant electric and magnetic forces that tend to expand and focus the beam, respectively. The Charged Particle Tracing interface uses an ... Mehr lesen
The principle component of a quadrupole mass spectrometer is the mass filter which is used to filter ions with different charge to mass ratios. The quadrupole mass filter has been well studied over the years, Ref. 1 and the physics and optimal design are well understood. In a real ... Mehr lesen
An electrodynamic ion funnel provides an efficient means of transferring ions from regions of high pressure to high vacuum. The ion funnel can couple devices which generally operate at pressures of different orders of magnitude, such as ion mobility spectrometers and mass spectrometers, ... Mehr lesen
A scanning electron microscope samples images by scanning a target with a high-energy beam of electrons. The subsequent electron interactions produce signals such as secondary and back-scattered electrons that contain information about the sample surface topography. Electromagnetic ... Mehr lesen
An electron gun must be able to draw a sufficient current and accelerate the electrons to the desired speed. The first part of an electron gun geometry presents unique design challenges because the emitted electron speeds are usually lowest there, and therefore the space charge density ... Mehr lesen
When electrons are emitted from a heated cathode in a plane parallel vacuum diode, they contribute to the space charge density in the diode, which in turn affects the electric potential distribution. If the potential difference between the cathode and the anode is not sufficiently large, ... Mehr lesen
When modeling the propagation of charged particle beams at high currents, the space charge force generated by the beam significantly affects the trajectories of the charged particles. Perturbations to these trajectories, in turn, affect the space charge distribution. The Charged ... Mehr lesen